Wrinkle

From Anvita Health Wiki

Contents 1 Introduction 2 Etiology 3 Pathology 4 Management 5 More General Terms 6 References

Introduction

• A furrow, fold or crease in the skin.

Etiology

• photoaging
• perioral wrinkles associated with cigarette smoking

Pathology

• degeneration of dermal elastic tissue
• pathology of photoaging

Management

• tazarotene, 0.1% ( Avage) [2]
• Botulinum toxin A for deep frown lines

• Botox Cosmetic [3,4]
• onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox, Allergan)
• incobotulinumtoxinA ( Bocouture, Xeomin) [7]

• alpha-hydroxy acids exfoliate skin
• all-trans retinoic acid
• vitamin A, vitamin C & vitamin E are promoted for wrinkles

• no benefit of oral administration
• minimal benefit of topical administration [2]

• autologous fibroblasts as filler material [5]

• filling process occurs over several months since it takes time to produce endogenous collagen

• fractional laser resurfacing may be effective [8]
• focused ultrasound skin tightening is investigational [6]
• prophylaxis: sunscreen

More General Terms

• skin disease (dermatologic disorder, dermatopathy, dermatosis)

References

1. Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999
2. Prescriber's Letter 10(1):5 2003
3. Beer KR. Comparative evaluation of the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A and topical creams for treating moderate-to-severe glabellar rhytids. Dermatol Surg. 2006 Feb;32(2):184-92. PMID: [1]
4. Lowe P et al, Comparison of two formulations of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of glabellar lines: A double blind, randomized trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006, 55:975 PMID: [2]
5. Weiss RA et al, Autologous cultured fibroblast injection for facial countour deformities: A prospective, placebo-controlled, Phase III clinical trial. Dermatol Surg 2007, 33:263 PMID: [3]
6. Alam M et al Ultrasound tightening of facial and neck skin: A rater-blinded prospective cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010 Feb; 62:262. PMID: [4]
7. Sattler G et al. Noninferiority of incobotulinumtoxinA, free from complexing proteins, compared with another botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of glabellar frown lines. Dermatol Surg 2010 Dec; 36:2146. PMID: [5]
   - Prager W et al. Comparison of two botulinum toxin type A preparations for treating crow's feet: A split-face, double-blind, proof-of- concept study. Dermatol Surg 2010 Dec; 36:2155. PMID: [6]
8. Tierney EP et al. Treatment of lower eyelid rhytids and laxity with ablative fractionated carbon-dioxide laser resurfacing: Case series and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011 Apr; 64:730. PMID: [7]

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