Vesicoureteral Reflux

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Contents 1 More Specific Terms 2 Introduction 3 Etiology 4 Diagnostic-procedures 5 Complications 6 Management 7 More General Terms 8 Additional Terms 9 References

More Specific Terms

• reflux nephropathy

Introduction

• Backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter, unilaterally or bilaterally, during rest or especially during urination.

Etiology

• congenital
• secondary to obstruction of the urinary outflow tract
• any disease involving the urinary ureteral orifices

Diagnostic-procedures

• voiding cystourethrogram

Complications

• recurrent urinary tract infections
• hydronephrosis
• renal scarring
• chronic renal insufficiency

Management

• antibacterial prophylaxis of no benefit [4,5]
• bowel & bladder hygiene

More General Terms

• urologic disease
• reflux
• sign/symptom

Additional Terms

• voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

References

1. Stedman's Medical Dictionary 26th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1995
2. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998
3. Journal Watch 22(2):15, 2002 Smellie JM, Jodal U, Lax H, Mobius TT, Hirche H, Olbing H; Writing Committee, International Reflux Study in Children (European Branch). Outcome at 10 years of severe vesicoureteric reflux managed medically: Report of the International Reflux Study in Children. J Pediatr. 2001 Nov;139(5):656-63. PMID: [1]
4. Garin EH, Olavarria F, Garcia Nieto V, Valenciano B, Campos A, Young L. Clinical significance of primary vesicoureteral reflux and urinary antibiotic prophylaxis after acute pyelonephritis: a multicenter, randomized, controlled study. Pediatrics. 2006 Mar;117(3):626-32. PMID: [2]
   - Wald ER. Vesicoureteral reflux: the role of antibiotic prophylaxis. Pediatrics. 2006 Mar;117(3):919-22. No abstract available. PMID: [3]
5. Pennesi M et al. Is antibiotic prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteral reflux effective in preventing pyelonephritis and renal scars? A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2008 Jun; 121:e1489 [4] PMID: [5]
6. National Guideline Clearinghouse Management of children with vesicoureteral reflux and bladder/bowel dysfunction. In: Management and screening of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children: AUA guideline. American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc ngc-guideline: [6]
   - Management of infants less than one year of age with vesicoureteral reflux. In: Management and screening of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children: AUA guideline. American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc ngc-guideline: [7]
   - Management of vesicoureteral reflux in the child over one year of age. In: Management and screening of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children: AUA guideline. American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc ngc-guideline: [8]
   - Screening of siblings and offspring of patients with vesicoureteral reflux. In: Management and screening of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children: AUA guideline. American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc ngc-guideline: [9]
   - Screening of the neonate/infant with prenatal hydronephrosis. In: Management and screening of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children: AUA guideline. American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc ngc-guideline: [10]

vesicoureteral reflux