Vasculitis
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More Specific Terms
- allergic angiitis & granulomatosis of Churg-Strauss
- arteritis
- autoimmune vasculitis
- Behcet syndrome
- cerebral granulomatous angiitis
- classic polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
- cryoglobulinemia (cryoglobulinemic vasculitis)
- erythema induratum (nodular vasculitis)
- granulomatous angiitis
- isolated (primary) central nervous system vasculitis (angiitis)
- Kawasaki disease; mucocutaneous lymph node disease
- leukocytoclastic vasculitis; hypersensitivity vasculitis
- microscopic polyangiitis
- phlebitis
- polyarteritis
- polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)
- secondary vasculitis
- Takayasu's arteritis; aortic arch syndrome; pulseless disease
- temporal arteritis (cranial arteritis, giant cell arteritis)
- venulitis
- Wegener's granulomatosis
Etiology
- primary
-
- polymylagia rheumatica
- giant cell (temporal) arteritis
- Takayasu's syndrome
- secondary
- drug-related vasculitis
- serum sickness
- vasculitis associated with infection
- vasculitis associated with malignancy (esp lymphoid)
- lymphomatoid granulomatosis
- hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis
- hypergammaglobulinemic purpura
- cryoglobulinemia ( hepatitis C)
- radiation vasculitis
- vascular rejection associated with transplantation
- connective tissue disease-associated vasculitis
Clinical-manifestations
- general
- fatigue, fever, weight loss, anorexia
- skin manifestations
- palpable purpura, petechiae, necrotic ulcers, livedo reticularis, urticaria (persisting > 24 hours), tender nodules, digital infarcts
- arthralgias/ arthritis ( serositis)
- myalgia
- claudication
- phlebitis
- headache
- cerebrovascular accident:
- generally ischemic stroke
- hemorrhagic stroke is uncommon
- mononeuritis multiplex
- hypertension
- pulmonary manifestations
- abnormal pain or intestinal hemorrhage
- rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis [3]
Laboratory
-
- anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ( ANCA)
- anti C1q antibodies
- anti glomerular basement membrane ( GBM) antibodies
- anti hepatitis B antibodies
- antinuclear antibodies ( ANA)
- cryoglobulins
- anti SSA/ Ro
- anti SSB/La
- rheumatoid factor
- urinalysis: abnormal sediment of renal origin ( RBC casts)
- non-specific indicators of inflammation
-
- serum albumin: hypoalbuminemia
- elevated ESR
- increased serum transaminases
Differential-diagnosis
- see pseudovasculitis
Management
- primary vasculitis
- see specific etiology
- high-dose glucocorticoids with or without other immunosuppressive agents
- secondary vasculities
- treat underlying etiology
- discontinue offending agents
More General Terms
Additional Terms
References
- Clinical Diagnosis & Management by Laboratory Methods, 19th edition, J.B. Henry (ed), W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA. 1996, pg 1025-35
- Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 848-51
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 15 American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2009
- Khasnis A and Langford CA. Update on vasculitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009 Jun; 123:1226. PMID: [1]
- Vasculitis: NIH Institute and Center Resources [2]
