Typhoid Vaccine

From Anvita Health Wiki

Contents 1 More Specific Terms 2 Indications 3 Contraindications 4 Dosage 5 Pharmacokinetics 6 Drug-interactions 7 More General Terms 8 Additional Terms 9 References

More Specific Terms

• typhoid live virus vaccine (Vivotif)
• typhoid polysaccharide vaccine (Typhim VI)

Indications

• promotes active immunity to typhoid fever for patients exposed to a typhoid carrier or foreign travel to endemic area (80% effective in children under 5) [1]
• herd immunity effect (44% effective) [1]

Contraindications

• acute infection
• previous sensitivity to typhoid vaccine
• previous adverse reaction to parenteral typhoid vaccine is not a contraindication to use of oral vaccine

• Caution:

• use in pregnancy & immunodeficiency only when clearly needed

Dosage

• Oral: typhoid live virus vaccine

• adults & children > 6 years of age
• primary immunization:

• one capsule on alternate days (4 capsules)
• take 1 hour after meals with water

• booster: repeat primary schedule at 5 year intervals

• Parenteral: typhoid polysaccharide vaccine

• primary imunization ( Typhim Vi)

• adults & children >= 2 years of age
• 25 ug (0.5 mL) IM

• booster: repeat at 2 year intervals

Pharmacokinetics

• Oral: Onset of immunity within 1 week; duration 5 years.
• Injection:

• primary vaccination may be accomplished with a single injection
• duration of immunity 2 years Adverse reactions:

• oral

• most common (1-10%)

• abdominal discomfort, stomach cramps, diarrhea, nausea/ vomiting, skin rash

• uncommon (<1%)

• anaphylactic reaction

• injection

• common (> 10%)

• local tenderness, pain, erythema, malaise

• less common (1-10%)

• induration, myalgia, nausea, headache

Drug-interactions

• avoid simultaneous administration of other vaccines which may cause local or systemic reactions
• systemic antibiotics & antimalarials may inhibit vaccine response

More General Terms

• vaccine

Additional Terms

• typhoid (enteric) fever

References

1. Sur D et al. A cluster-randomized effectiveness trial of Vi typhoid vaccine in India. N Engl J Med 2009 Jul 23; 361:335 PMID: [1]
   - Levine MM. Typhoid vaccines ready for implementation. N Engl J Med 2009 Jul 23; 361:403 PMID: [2]
2. Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug Formulary, 1998
3. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA National Formulary

typhoid vaccine (Vivotif Bernia)