Skin Cancer

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Contents 1 More Specific Terms 2 Etiology 3 Epidemiology 4 Genetics 5 Complications 6 Management 7 More General Terms 8 References

More Specific Terms

• basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
• cutaneous lymphoma
• cutaneous melanoma
• extramammary Paget's disease
• eyelid cancer
• Merkel Cell Carcinoma (neuroendocrine cancer of skin, trabecular cancer)
• squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCCS)

Etiology

• Risk factors:
• sun exposure, cumulative
• fair skin that burns easily, red or blonde hair, freckles
• history of sunburns in childhood
• nevi

• congenital nevi
• dysplastic nevi
• basal cell nevus syndrome

• actinic keratosis
• xeroderma pigmentosum
• albinism
• exposure to hydrocarbons, arsenic, ionizing radiation
• blue eyes
• male sex
• older age

Epidemiology

• basal cell carcinoma ( BCC) most common skin cancer in whites
• squamous cell carcinoma of the skin ( cutaneous SCC) may be most common in blacks

Genetics

• see skin neoplasm & more specific types

Complications

• 
  
• disease interaction(s) of cancer with Alzheimer's disease

Management

• Screening:

• monthly skin self
• annual professional skin exam
• high-risk screening

• dysplastic nevi
• basal cell nevus syndrome

• any new or changing nevus should be evaluated for possible biopsy [2]

• Prevention

• sunscreen
• protective clothing
• avoidance of midday sun
• overzealous prevention strategies may result in vitamin D deficiency
• consider vitamin D supplementation [2]
• celecoxib may reduce incidence of both cutaneous SCC & basal cell carcinoma ( BCC) [4]

More General Terms

• malignant neoplasm (cancer)
• skin neoplasm

References

1. Saunders Manual of Medical Practice, Rakel (ed), WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1996, pg 30-31
2. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 15, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2009
3. Marrett L et al Screening for Skin Cancer: A Clinical Practice Guideline A Quality Initiative of the Program in Evidence-based Care (PEBC), Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) [1]
4. Elmets CA et al Chemoprevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer with celecoxib: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010 Dec 15;102(24):1835-44. <PubMed> PMID: [2] <Internet> [3]
   - Meyskens FL Jr and McLaren CE. Chemoprevention, risk reduction, therapeutic prevention, or preventive therapy? J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010 Dec 15;102(24):1815-7. <PubMed> PMID: [4] <Internet> [5]
5. Skin Cancer: NIH Institute and Center Resources [6]
6. National Guideline Clearinghouse
   - Naevi and skin cancer (basal cell and epidermoid carcinoma). (Finnish Medical Society Duodecim) ngc-guideline: [7]
   - Screening for skin cancer: a clinical practice guideline. (Program in Evidence-based Care) ngc-guideline: [8]
   - Improving outcomes for people with skin tumours including melanoma. (National Collaborating Centre for Cancer) ngc-guideline: [9]
   - Skin cancer. In: Suspected cancer in primary care: guidelines for investigation, referral and reducing ethnic disparities New Zealand Guidelines Group ngc-guideline: [10]
   - NGC Guideline synthesis SKIN CANCER PART I. SCREENING AND PREVENTION [11] [12]

skin cancer