Pulmonary Crackles

From Anvita Health Wiki

Etiology

• Late inspiratory crackles:

• sudden reinflation of previously deflated airways
• pneumonia
• dependent regions of lungs

• congestive heart failure
• diffuse pulmonary fibrosis
• shallow respirations in bedridden & elderly

• Early inspiratory crackles:

• COPD/ bronchitis
• May be heard at mouth

• Inspiratory & expiratory crackles:

• bronchiectasis
• secretions in trachea & large bronchi

• pulmonary edema
• patients who cannot cough up secretions

More General Terms

• sign/symptom

References

Guide to Physical Examination & History Taking, 4th edition, Bates B, JB Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1987

pulmonary crackles