Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

From Anvita Health Wiki

Contents 1 Indications 2 Contraindications 3 Dosage 4 Mechanism-of-action 5 Notes 6 More General Terms 7 Additional Terms 8 References

Indications

• vaccination at 2, 4, 6 & 12-15 months for all children 23 months & younger - 2 doses may be equally effective [8]
• all children 23 months & younger who have not received doses of the vaccine should be given catch up doses
• the vaccine may be administered concurrently with other childhood immunizations
• children 24-59 months of age with high-risk conditions

• sickle cell disease
• splenic abnormalities
• HIV infection
• primary immunodeficiency
• immunosuppressive therapy

• approved for use in adults aged >=50 and older to prevent pneumonia & invasive disease caused by S pneumoniae [12]

Contraindications

• not approved for use in children < 2 years of age

Dosage

• Prenvar-13 available in single-dose, pre-filled syringes

Mechanism-of-action

• effective for prevention of pneumococcal meningitis
• reduces incidence of otitis media [3]

• at least 3 vaccinations required for sustained benefit
• 7% reduction in office visits for otitis media in 1st year of life
• 24% reduction in tympanostomy
• 35% fewer antibiotic prescriptions

• reduces bacteremia/ sepsis due to pneumococcus [5]
• reduces incidence of viral pneumonia [6]
• reduces nasopharygeal carrier rate in children [10]

Notes

• Pneumovax is not sufficiently immunogenic in young children & is not approved for use in children < 2 years of age

More General Terms

• vaccine

Additional Terms

• pneumococcal vaccine
• Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)

References

1. Journal Watch 20(20):163, 2000
2. Journal Watch 22(3):24, 2002 Black et al, Pediatr Infect D J 20:1105, 2001
3. Journal Watch 23(6):51, 2003 Fireman B et al, Pediatr Infect Dis J 22:10, 2003
4. Journal Watch 24(15):122, 2004 Black S, Shinefield H, Baxter R, Austrian R, Bracken L, Hansen J, Lewis E, Fireman B. Postlicensure surveillance for pneumococcal invasive disease after use of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Northern California Kaiser Permanente. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004 Jun;23(6):485-9. PMID: [1]
5. Journal Watch 24(16):128, 2004 Stoll ML, Rubin LG. Incidence of occult bacteremia among highly febrile young children in the era of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: a study from a Children's Hospital Emergency Department and Urgent Care Center. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004 Jul;158(7):671-5. PMID: [2]
6. Journal Watch 24(17):138, 2004 Madhi SA, Klugman KP, The Vaccine Trialist Group. A role for Streptococcus pneumoniae in virus-associated pneumonia. Nat Med. 2004 Aug;10(8):811-3. Epub 2004 Jul 11. PMID: [3]
7. Prescriber's Letter 13(5): 2006 Detail-Document#: [4] Benefits of pneumococcal vaccine (subscription needed) [5]
8. Whitney CG et al, Effectiveness of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccinee against invasive pneumococcal disease: A matched case-control study. Lancet 2006, 368:1495 PMID: [6]
9. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Updated Recommendation from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for Use of 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV7) in Children Aged 24--59 Months Who Are Not Completely Vaccinated MMWR April 4, 2008 / 57(13);343-344 [7]
10. van Gils EJM et al Effect of reduced-dose schedules with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage in children: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009 Jul 8; 302:159. PMID: [8]
11. FDA NEWS RELEASE: February 24, 2010 FDA Approves Pneumococcal Disease Vaccine with Broader Protection [9] [10]
12. FDA News & Events: Dec 30, 2011 FDA expands use of Prevnar 13 vaccine for people ages 50 and older [11]
13. National Guideline Clearinghouse
    - (1) Preventing pneumococcal disease among infants and young children. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). (2) Updated recommendation from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children aged 24--59 months who are not completely vaccinated. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ngc-guideline: [12]

pneumococcal congugate vaccine (Prevnar, Prevnar 13, PCV7)