Pentostatin

From Anvita Health Wiki

Contents 1 Introduction 2 Indications 3 Dosage 4 Pharmacokinetics 5 Adverse-effects 6 Drug-interactions 7 Mechanism-of-action 8 More General Terms 9 Additional Terms 10 Internet Database 11 References

Introduction

• Tradename: Nipent.

Indications

• treatment of adults with alpha- interferon- refractory hairy cell leukemia

Dosage

• 2 mg/m2/dose
• dosage adjustment for renal insufficiency
• coadministered with mannitol

• Powder for injection: 10 mg vial.

Pharmacokinetics

• distributes rapidly to body tissues (Vd 20 L/m2)
• terminal elimination 1/2life: 3-15 hours
• 50-96% recovered in the urine within 24 hours
  

• 1/2life = 3-15 hours

Adverse-effects

• common (> 10%)

• headache, neurologic disorder, fever, fatigue, chills, pain, rash, nausea/vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, abnormal liver function tests, myalgia, cough, allergic reaction

• less common (> 5%)

• chest pain, arrhythmia, peripheral edema, anxiety, confusion, depression, dizziness, insomnia, lethargy, coma, seizures, malaise, dry skin, eczema, pruritis, constipation, flatulence, stomatitis, weight loss, dysuria, myelosuppression, liver dysfunction, diaphoresis, thrombophlebitis, arthralgia, paresthesia, back pain, weakness, abnormal vision, eye pain, keratoconjunctivitis, ear pain, renal failure, hematuria, bronchitis, dyspnea, lung edema, pneumonia, opportunistic infections, death

Drug-interactions

• increased toxicity of vidarabine, fludarabine & allopurinol
  
• drug interaction(s) of antibiotics with warfarin

Mechanism-of-action

• inhibits adenosine deaminase Mechanism of drug resistance:
• increased activity of target enzyme adenosine deaminase

More General Terms

• antineoplastic agent (chemotherapeutic agent)
• other antibiotic
• enzyme inhibitor

Additional Terms

• adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, ADA)
• hairy cell leukemia

Internet Database

PubChem: 439693
PubChem: 40926
PubChem: 4739

References

1. Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug Formulary, 1998
2. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed. Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg 533
3. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA National Formulary

pentostatin (Nipent, DCF, 2'deoxycoformycin)