Opportunistic Infection

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Contents 1 More Specific Terms 2 Introduction 3 Etiology 4 Epidemiology 5 Clinical-manifestations 6 Management 7 More General Terms 8 Additional Terms 9 References

More Specific Terms

• AIDS-associated opportunistic infection
• aspergillosis
• coccidioidomycosis
• cryptosporidiosis
• fusariosis
• hairy leukoplakia
• histoplasmosis
• oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush)
• Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
• progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
• syphilis
• toxoplasmosis

Introduction

• An infection occurring in an immunocompromised host.

Etiology

• protozoan

• Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP)
• toxoplasmosis encephalitis
• cryptosporidia enteritis

• viral

• cytomegalovirus
• Epstein-Barr virus - oral hairy leukoplakia
• Herpes simplex
• Herpes zoster
• progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

• fungal

• oral candidiasis
• Cryptococcus
• coccidioidomycosis
• histoplasmosis
• aspergillosis
• Sporothrix
• Penicillium

• bacteria

• Salmonella
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Mycobacteria

• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Mycobacterium avium complex
• other Mycobacterial species

• Listeria
• Nocardia
• Treponema pallidum ( syphilis)

Epidemiology

• damp surfaces harbor fungi
• showers may spread airborne molds, i.e. Aspergillus

Clinical-manifestations

• (in patients with AIDS) [2]
• cough, dyspnea
• seizures, ataxia
• dysphagia
• confusion, forgetfulness
• chronic diarrhea, severe
• fever
• visual impairment
• nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps
• weight loss, fatigue
• severe headaches
• coma

Management

• see specific etiology
• preventative measures

• air filtration systems
• disinfecting bathroom walls, especially shower stalls

More General Terms

• infection (infectious disease)

Additional Terms

• Cryptococcus
• cytomegalovirus (CMV, human herpesvirus 5)
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Herpes simplex (HSV) or Herpes hominis
• Herpes zoster (shingles)
• immunodeficiency; immunodeficiency syndrome
• Listeria
• Mycobacterium
• Nocardia
• Penicillium
• Salmonella
• Sporothrix
• Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)

References

1. Journal Watch 22(24):171, 2002 Ahaissie EJ et al Clin Infect Dis 35:e86, 2002
2. Veterans Administration, Mather CA
3. National Guideline Clearinghouse
   - Treating opportunistic infections among HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association/ Infectious Diseases Society of America. ngc-guideline: [1]

opportunistic infection