Neurotoxicity

From Anvita Health Wiki

Contents 1 Introduction 2 Etiology 3 Clinical-manifestations 4 Management 5 More General Terms 6 Additional Terms 7 References

Introduction

• Toxic to nerves or the nervous system. Individuals with certain disorders may be especially vulnerable to neurotoxic agents.

Etiology

• Neurotoxic agents include:
• pharmaceutical agents

• altretamine ( Hexalen)
• artemether
• artesunate
• carboplatin ( CDBCA, Paraplatin)
• ceftazidime ( Fortaz, Tazidime, Tazicef)
• ciprofloxacin ( Cipro, Ciloxan)
• cytosine arabinoside or cytarabine ( Cytosar, ARA-C, HiDAC, Depocyt)
• dacarbazine ( DTIC)
• FK506 ( tacrolimus, Prograf)
• fludarabine ( Fludara)
• gentamicin ( Garamycin, Genoptic)
• glycinexylidide ( GX)
• imipenem
• lomustine ( CCNU, CeeNU)
• monoethylglycinexylidide ( MEGX)
• penicillin
• streptomycin
• teniposide ( Vumon)
• thioguanine
• ticarcillin ( Ticar)
• tobramycin ( Nebcin, Tobrex)
• vinblastine or vincaleukoblastine ( Velban, Velsar, Alkaban-AQ) * neurotoxicity*
• vincristine, 22-oxovincaleukoblastine or leurocristine ( Oncovin, Vincasar PFS)

• zidovudine or azidothymidine ( Retrovir, AZT)

• heavy metals

• lead
• mercury

• industrial & cleaning solvents

Clinical-manifestations

• limb weakness or numbness
• loss of memory
• visual impairment
• cognitive impairment
• headache
• behavioral disorder
• sexual dysfunction

Management

• eliminate or reduce exposure to the toxic substance
• symptomatic & supportive therapy
• prognosis

• depends upon the length & degree of exposure & severity of neurological injury
• complete recovery -> residual deficits -> death

More General Terms

• toxicity; poisoning; overdose

Additional Terms

• life & death of a neuron
• nervous system

References

NINDS Neurotoxicity Information Page [1]

neurotoxicity