Mediterranean Diet

From Anvita Health Wiki

Management

• Recommendations:

• increase servings of fruits & vegetables
• increase servings of whole-grain vegetables
• increase monounsaturated fats: olive oil, canola oil
• eat fish 3-4 times/week; poultry 2 times/week
• eat red meat only 2-3 times/month
• drink red wine in moderate amounts
  

• Total kcals = 1500
• Protein = 17%
• Fat = 33%
• Carbohydrate = 50%
  
• A Mediterranean diet

• reduces all-cause mortality in healthy elderly [2,6] including mortality due to cardiovascular disease

• ( RR = 0.79) & cancer ( RR = 0.83) [6]
• greatest contribution to mortality reduction from:

• moderate consumption of alcohol
• low intake of meat
• high consumption of vegetables, fruits, nuts, monounsaturated fats, & legumes [9]

• reduces mortality in Alzheimer's disease patients [5]
• in combination with excercise, reduces risk of dementia [10]
• reduces risk of brain infarcts (mostly silent infarcts) [13]

• reduces white matter hyperintensities on MRI

• better than low-fat diet in reducing cardiovascular risk [3]
• associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes [7] & improved glycemic control in diabetes type-2 [11]
• reduces oxidized LDL [4]
• better than low fat diet for weight loss [8]
• may have protective role in the prevention of depression [12]
• may reduce chronic inflammation

• serum CRP decreased
• serum IL6 decreased
• serum homocysteine decreased
• plasm fibrinogen decreased
• WBC count decreased [16]

More General Terms

• weight loss diet
• diet

References

1. Jennifer Romo, MPH, RD, Clinical Dietician West Los Angeles VA Medical Center
2. Journal Watch 25(13):105, 2005 Trichopoulou A et al, Modified Mediterranean diet and survival: EPIC-elderly prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2005 Apr 30;330(7498):991. Epub 2005 Apr 8. <PubMed> PMID: [1] <Internet> [2]
3. Estruch R et al; PREDIMED Study Investigators. Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Jul 4;145(1):1-11. Summary for patients in: Ann Intern Med. 2006 Jul 4;145(1):I11. PMID: [3]
4. Fito M, Guxens M, Corella D, Saez G, Estruch R, de la Torre R, Frances F, Cabezas C, Lopez-Sabater Mdel C, Marrugat J, Garcia-Arellano A, Aros F, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Ros E, Salas-Salvado J, Fiol M, Sola R, Covas MI; for the PREDIMED Study Investigators. Effect of a traditional Mediterranean diet on lipoprotein oxidation: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Jun 11;167(11):1195-203. PMID: [4]
5. Scarmeas N et al, Mediterranean diet and Alzheimer's disease mortality. Neurology 2007, 69:1084 PMID: [5]
   - Galvin JE Pass the grain; spare the brain. Neurology 2007, 69:1072 PMID: [6]
6. Mitrou PN et al, Mediterranean dietary pattern and prediction of all-cause mortality in a US population. Results from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study PMID: [7]
7. Martinez-Gonzales MA et al, Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and risk of developing diabetes: Prospective cohort study. BMJ 2008, May 29 PMID: [8]
8. Shai I et al. for the Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT) Group. Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet. N Engl J Med 2008 Jul 17; 359:229. <PubMed> PMID: [9] <Internet> [10]
9. Trichopoulou A et al Anatomy of health effects of Mediterranean diet: Greek EPIC prospective cohort study BMJ 2009;338:b2337 <PubMed> PMID: [11] <Internet> [12]
10. Scarmeas N et al Physical Activity, Diet, and Risk of Alzheimer Disease JAMA. 2009;302(6):627-637. <PubMed> PMID: [13] <Internet> [14]
    - Feart C et al Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet, Cognitive Decline, and Risk of Dementia JAMA. 2009;302(6):638-648. <PubMed> PMID: [15] <Internet> [16]
    - Knopman DS et al Mediterranean Diet and Late-Life Cognitive Impairment A Taste of Benefit JAMA. 2009;302(6):686-687 <PubMed> PMID: &dopt=Abstract <Internet> [17]
11. Esposito K et al Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on the need for antihyperglycemic drug therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2009 Sep 1; 151:306. PMID: [18]
12. Sanchez-Villegas A et al, Association of the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern With the Incidence of Depression Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66(10):1090-1098 <PubMed> PMID: [19] <Internet> [20]
13. Scarmeas N et al. Mediterranean diet and magnetic resonance imaging-assessed cerebrovascular disease. Ann Neurol 2011 Feb; 69:257. PMID: [21]
    - Gardener H et al Mediterranean diet and white matter hyperintensity volume in the northern Manhattan study. Arch Neurol. 2012 Feb;69(2):251-6. PMID: [22]
14. Geriatric Review Syllabus, 7th edition Parada JT et al (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2010

Mediterranean diet