Magnesium Sulfate

From Anvita Health Wiki

Contents 1 Indications 2 Contraindications 3 Dosage 4 Adverse-effects 5 Drug-interactions 6 Mechanism-of-action 7 More General Terms 8 Internet Database 9 References

Indications

• prevention & treatment of hypomagnesemia
• eclampsia
• short-term treatment of postmyocardial infarction
• torsades de pointes
• pediatric acute nephritis
• prevention of cerebral palsy in premature infants? [4] ( perinatal administration to mother)

Contraindications

• heart block
• severe renal insufficiency
  

• pregnancy category = a
• safety in lactation = +

Dosage

• 1 g IV every 6 hours for 4 doses
• 2 g in 50 mL D5W/ NS IV over 20 min
• severe cases may require 8-12 g/day in divided doses
• maximum infusion rate 2 g/ hr to avoid hypotension

Adverse-effects

• depressed CNS
• blocked peripheral neuromuscular transmission
• flushing
• somnolence
• respiratory paralysis
• may accumulate in renally impaired patients
• diarrhea
• depressed deep tendon reflexes

Drug-interactions

• additive CNS depression when used with:

• barbiturates
• opiates
• general anesthetics
• other CNS depressants

• increased neuromuscular blockage when used with neuromuscular blocking agent
• use with caution with cardiac glycosides

Mechanism-of-action

• cofactor in enzymatic reactions

More General Terms

• metabolic agent (metabolic modifier)
• salt
• Mg+2

Internet Database

PubChem: 24083

References

1. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
2. Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs, Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al eds, 1998
3. Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug Formulary, 1998
4. Rouse DJ et al. A randomized, controlled trial of magnesium sulfate for the prevention of cerebral palsy. N Engl J Med 2008 Aug 28; 359:895. PMID: [1]
   - Stanley FJ and Crowther C. Antenatal magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection before preterm birth? N Engl J Med 2008 Aug 28; 359:962. PMID: [2]
5. National Guideline Clearinghouse Magnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada ngc-guideline: [3]

magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)