Low Density Lipoprotein

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Contents 1 More Specific Terms 2 Function 3 Pathology 4 More General Terms 5 Additional Terms 6 References

More Specific Terms

• oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxidized LDL, oxLDL)

Function

• LDL is the major cholesterol-carrying protein in plasma.
• LDL is catablized via apo B100 - LDL receptor binding & internalization, particularly in liver & steroidogenic cells in adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes, where LDL provides the major source of substrate for synthesis of steroid hormones
• SORLA binds LDL & transports it into cells by endocytosis [3]
• in addition to catabolism via the high-affinity LDL receptor pathway, LDL is catabolized by non-specific pathways not subject to feedback regulation
• one of these pathways is via the macrophage scavenger receptor which binds & internalizes oxidized forms of LDL
• it has been estimated that 35-64% of LDL is degraded by the high-affinity LDL receptor pathway; the remaining is removed by the scavenger cell system
• LDL cholesterol levels needed to saturate systemic receptors are about 35 mg/dL

Pathology

• low levels of LDL occur, along with low levels of albumin, prealbumin, & transferrin, in inflammation & malignancy
• high levels of LDL may predispose to cardiovascular disease

More General Terms

• beta globulin
• macromolecular complex

Additional Terms

• cholesterol LDL in serum
• low-density lipoprotein receptor; LDL receptor (LDLR)

References

1. Primary Hyperlipoproteinemias, Steiner & Shafrir (eds), McGraw Hill, NY, 1991, pg 27
2. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry, 2nd ed. Burtis CA & Ashwood ER (eds), WB Saunders Co, Philadelphia PA, 1993, pg 1027
3. UniProt [1]

low density lipoprotein (LDL, beta-lipoprotein)