Hoarseness

From Anvita Health Wiki

Contents 1 Etiology 2 History 3 Clinical-manifestations 4 Management 5 More General Terms 6 Additional Terms 7 References

Etiology

• laryngitis (also see laryngitis)
• neoplasm

• squamous cell carcinoma

• head & neck cancer
• associated with alcohol & tobacco

• benign neoplasm on the vocal cord
• laryngeal wart
• esophageal cancer with recurrent laryngeal nerve involvement

• gastroesophageal reflux ( GERD)
• sinusitis with a purulent post nasal drip
• pulmonary hypertension
• hypothyroidism
• relapsing polychondritis
• anaphylaxis
• leprosy
• Wallenberg's syndrome
• vocal cord dysfunction - overuse of the voice
• pharmaceutical agents

• metered dose inhalers

• inhaled steroids
• inhaled beta-2 adrenergic agonists
• inhaled ipratropium ( Atrovent)

• cromolyn
• dornase alfa
• procarbazine

• temporal arteritis
• pemphigus vulgaris
• periodontal disease
• polycythemia

History

• duration of symptoms (most important)
• alcohol & tobacco
• history of GERD
• asthma ( inhalers)

Clinical-manifestations

• acute onset - infection, overuse
• chronic - malignancy

Management

• treat underlying cause
• voice therapy [3]

More General Terms

• dysphonia

Additional Terms

• anaphylaxis
• gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• hypertension (HTN, high blood pressure, HBP)
• hypothyroidism
• laryngeal wart
• laryngitis
• leprosy (Hansen's disease)
• pemphigus vulgaris
• periodontal disease; gum disease; gingival disease
• polycythemia
• pulmonary
• relapsing polychondritis
• sinusitis
• squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
• temporal arteritis (cranial arteritis, giant cell arteritis)
• vocal cord dysfunction
• Wallenberg's syndrome; lateral medullary syndrome/infarction

References

1. Kaiser Permanente Clinical Practice Guidelines
2. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998
3. Journal Watch 21(22):181, 2001 McKenzie et al, BMJ 323:658, 2001
4. National Guideline Clearinghouse Clinical practice guideline: hoarseness (dysphonia). American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Foundation ngc-guideline: [1]

hoarseness