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Introduction
- A complex, convoluted structure forming the medial margin of the temporal lobe. Thus, much of the hippocampus lies in the floor of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle [2]. The hippocampus forms part of the limbic system. Cytoarchitecturally, it its a unique form of allocortex. The hippocampus (proper) consists of two gyri, Ammon's horn & the dentate gyrus, together with their white matter, the alveus & fimbria. The subiculum & entorhinal cortex are also considered part of the "hippocampal formation" in ref 2, since they are linked by prominent & largely unidirectional connections that appear to unite them as a functional entity. The individual fields of the hippocampal formation ( dentate gyrus, Ammon's horn, subiculum & entorhinal cortex) can be envisioned as adjacent strips of simple cortex running rostro- caudally in the medial temporal lobe. In its midportion or body, the hippocampus assumes a C-shape on coronal sections & each field is seen only once. As the hippocampal formation reaches its rostral end ( uncus), it bends sharply in a medial direction, then in a caudal direction. Thus coronal sections through the uncus tend to portray the hippocampus as a complex (distributed) structure. At its caudal end, the hippocampus bends dorsally as it ascends toward & around the splenium of the corpus callosum. Thus coronal sections of the caudal hippocampus are also complex. The hippocampus has 4 layers in contrast to the cerebral cortex that has 6.
- stratum oriens ( ventricular surface)
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More General Terms
Additional Terms
References
- Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999
- The Human Nervous System, George Paxinos, Academic Press, San Diego CA 1990
hippocampus (hippocampal formation)
