Food Poisoning
From Anvita Health Wiki
Contents |
More Specific Terms
Etiology
-
-
- Salmonella (most common) [3]
- Shigella
- pathogenic E coli
- Vibrio species
- Staphylococcal food poisoning
- Clostridium toxin - cooked meats
- Bacillus cereus toxin - fried rice
- botulism
- plant toxins
- mushrooms - genus Amanita
- toxalbumin-producing plants - jequirty & rosary bean
- fava beans
- water hemlock
- herbal remedies
- animal toxins
-
- tuna
- mackerel
- neurotoxic seafood poisoning
- chemicals - monosodium glutamate ( MSG)
- foodborne bioterrorism
-
Clinical-manifestations
Laboratory
- stool examination for blood, fecal leukocytes & parasites
- bacterial culture of stool, emesis, food
- further examination in high risk patients with neurologic or systemic symptoms or symptoms lasting > 2 days
- Norwalk virus identification by PCR or EM
- toxin testing
Differential-diagnosis
-
- incubation < 2 hours
- heavy metals
- chemicals
- mushrooms
- incubation 1-7 hours
- incubation period 8-14 hours
- incubation period >14 hours
- non- inflammatory diarrhea (no fecal leukocytes)
- incubation period 8-14 hours
- incubation period > 14 hours
- enterotoxic E coli
- Vibrio cholerae
- Giardia lamblia
- Norwalk agent
- incubation time > 14 hours
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Campylobacter
- invasive E coli
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus & vulnificus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- incubation time < 2 hours
- insecticides
- mushroom & other plant toxins
- monosodium glutamate ( MSG)
- shellfish, scombroid
- incubation time 1-7 hours
- incubation time > 14 hours
- other symptoms
- incubation time > 14 hours
- E coli O157:H7 associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Management
- majority of food poisoning is self-limited & therapy is non-specific & supportive
- replace gastrointestinal losses with oral or IV fluids
- supportive therapy for neurologic manifestations
- anti-emetics are contraindicated; induce emesis if it has not already occurred
- avoid antiperistaltic agents with inflammatory diarrhea
- antibiotics not helpful for S aureus, B cereus, C perfringens, viral gastroenteritis
- specific therapy for:
- botulism
- inflammatory bacterial diarrhea
- parasitic infections
More General Terms
Additional Terms
References
- Clinical Diagnosis & Management by Laboratory Methods, 19th edition, J.B. Henry (ed), W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA. 1996, pg 1164-65
- UpToDate 14.1 [1]
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Vital Signs: Incidence and Trends of Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food - Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 1996-2010 MMWR June 10, 2011 / 60(22);749-755 <PubMed> PMID: [2] <Internet> [3]
- Foodborne Diseases: NIH Institute and Center Resources [4]
