Cu+/cu+2
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More Specific Terms
Biochemistry
- copper is the 3rd most abundant essential trace element in humans following iron & zinc
- role in electron transport & in redox reactions
- essential for
- cellular respirations
- neurotransmitter regulation
- collagen synthesis
- nutrient metabolism
- present in all living cells
- copper-containing plasma amine oxidases catabolize tyramine, histidine, polyamines & inactivate catecholamines
- lysyl oxidase promotes cross-linking of collagen
- cytochrome C oxidase is a component of electron transport
- superoxide dismutase 1 contains copper & zinc
- proteins that trasnport copper include
- ceruloplasmin
- albumin
- transcuperin
- metallothionein which sequesters & stores copper
- clotting factor V contains coppers
Physiology
- copper absorption occurs in the stomach & small intestine
- bile adds about 5 mg of Cu+2 to the intestinal content of copper
- excessive Zn+2, Fe+2 inhibit Cu+2 absorption
- ascorbate inhibits Cu+2 absorption by reducing it to Cu+
- histidine, gluconate & citrate enhance copper absorption
- newly absorbed copper is transported in the portal vein bound to albumin & transcuperin to the liver where it is rapidly cleared
- 50-70% of total body copper is stored in the liver; most of the remainder is within skeletal muscle
- total body copper stores are 50-80 mg
- ceruloplasmin transports 65-70% of plasma copper released by the liver
- excretion is mainly in the feces via biliary excretion
More General Terms
Additional Terms
- 24 hour urine copper (Cu+/Cu+2)
- copper deficiency
- copper in serum
- copper sulfate
- copper [Cu]
- cupric chloride; copper bichloride; copper(II) chloride; Coppertrace (CuCl2)
Internet Database
References
- Henry's Clinical Diagnosis & Management by Laboratory Methods, 21st edition, McPherson RA & Pincus MR (es), W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA. 2007, pg 386
