Cromolyn

From Anvita Health Wiki

Contents 1 Introduction 2 Indications 3 Dosage 4 Pharmacokinetics 5 Adverse-effects 6 Mechanism-of-action 7 More General Terms 8 Internet Database 9 References

Introduction

• Tradename: Intal, Crolom. (cromolyn sodium).

Indications

• prophylaxis for allergen-induced asthma
• prophylaxis for exercise-induced asthma

• inhaler 15-20 minutes before exercise

Dosage

• 20 mg (2 inhalations) inhaled QID.
• 200 mg PO QID. Pediatrics: 2-12 yo: 100 mg PO BID.
• nasal: 1 spray (5.2 mg) TID/ QID

• prophylactic dosing
• variable response

• Ophthalmic: 1 drop 4-6 times/day (4%)

• Tabs: 100 mg.
• Nebulizer: 10 mg/mL. 2 mL/ampule. Inhaler:
• Nasal spray: Tradename: Nasalcrom, 5.2 mg/spray
• Ophthalmic: (Crolom) (4%)

Pharmacokinetics

• duration of action 4-6 hours
  

• elimination via liver
• elimination via kidney

Adverse-effects

• common (> 10%)

• coughing ( bronchospasm)
• hoarseness
• unpleasant taste ( inhalation aerosol)

• less common (1-10%)

• dry mouth, sneezing, stuffy nose, angioedema, dizziness dysuria, nausea/vomiting

• uncommon (< 1%)

• eosinophilic pneumonia, anaphylactic reaction, headache, rash, urticaria, diarrhea, nasal burning, joint pain, ocular stinging, lacrimation, wheezing, throat irritation, pulmonary infiltrates

Mechanism-of-action

• inhibits mast cell response to IgE

• 4 to 10 times less potent than nedocromil

• inhibits activation of macrophages
• inhibits activation of T helper cells
• decreases bronchial hyper-responsiveness
• inhibits antigen-induced bronchospasm & release of histamine from sensitized mast cells.

More General Terms

• chromate
• antiasthmatic agent
• ocular decongestant
• mast cell stabilizer

Internet Database

PubChem: 2882
PubChem: 27503
PubChem: 27686
PubChem: 2881
PubChem: 657312

References

1. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
2. Saunders Manual of Medical Practice, Rakel (ed), WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1996, pg 85
3. Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug Formulary, 1998
4. Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 742, 763
5. Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs, Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al eds, 1998
6. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998

cromolyn [disodium chromate] (Intal, Gastrocrom, Nasalcrom, Crolom)