Congenital Heart Defect

From Anvita Health Wiki

Contents 1 More Specific Terms 2 Classification 3 Complications 4 Management 5 More General Terms 6 Additional Terms 7 References

More Specific Terms

• atrial septal defect (ASD)
• bicuspid aortic valve
• dextrocardia
• Ebstein's anomaly
• Eisenmenger's syndrome
• endocardial fibroelastosis
• familial arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, ARVD)
• Lutembacher complex
• non-compaction of left ventricular myocardium (left ventricular non-compaction)
• Noonan's syndrome
• patent ductus arteriosus
• patent foramen ovale (PFO)
• persistent ostium primum (partial atrioventricular canal)
• persistent truncus arteriosus
• pulmonary atresia
• tetralogy of Fallot
• total anomalous pulmonary venous return
• transposition of the great vessels
• ventricular septal defect

Classification

• acyanotic with left to right shunt

• atrial level shunt

• atrial septal defect
• atrial septal defect with mitral stenosis ( Lutembacher complex)
• partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection

• ventricular level shunt

• ventricular septal defect

• inlet septum
• muscular septum
• perimembranous septum
• infundibular septum

• ventricular septal defect with aortic regurgitation
• ventricular septal defect with left ventricular to right atrial shunt

• aortic root to right heart shunt

• rupture of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm
• coronary arteriovenous fistula
• anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk

• aortopulmonary level shunt

• aortopulmonary window
• patent ductus arteriosus

• multilevel shunts

• complete common atrioventricular canal
• ventricular septal defect & atrial septal defect
• ventricular septal defect with patent ductus arteriosus

• acyanotic without shunt

• left heart malformations

• congenital obstruction to left atrial inflow

• pulmonary vein stenosis
• mitral stenosis
• cor triatriatum

• mitral regurgitation

• atrioventricular septal defect (endocardial cushion)
• congenitally-corrected transposition of the great arteries
• anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk
• double orifice mitral valve
• congenital perforations
• accessory commissures with anomalous chordal insertion
• congenitally short or absent chordae
• cleft posterior leaflet
• parachute mitral valve

• primary dilated endocardial fibroelastosis
• aortic stenosis

• subvalvular
• valvular
• supravalvular

• aortic valvular regurgitation
• coarctation of the aorta

• right heart malformations

• acyanotic Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve
• pulmonic stenosis

• subinfundibular
• infundibular
• valvular
• supravalvular (stenosis of pulmonary artery & its branches)

• congenital pulmonary valve regurgitation
• idiopathic dilatation of the aortic trunk

• cyanotic

• increased pulmonary blood flow

• complete transposition of the great arteries
• double-outlet right ventricle of the Taussig-Bing type
• truncus arteriosus
• total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
• single ventricle without pulmonic stenosis
• common atrium
• tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia & increased collateral arterial flow
• tricuspid atresia with large ventricular septal defect & no pulmonic stenosis
• hypoplastic left heart (aortic atresia, mitral atresia)

• normal or decreased pulmonary blood flow

• tricuspid atresia
• Ebstein's anomaly with right-to-left shunt
• pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum
• pulmonic stenosis or atresia with ventricular septal defect ( tetralogy of Fallot)
• pulmonic stenosis with right-to- left atrial shunt
• complete transposition of the great arteries with pulmonic stenosis
• double outlet right ventricle with pulmonic stenosis
• single ventricle with pulmonic stenosis
• pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
• vena cava to left atrial communication

• other

• congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
• cardiac malposition
• congenital complete heart block

Complications

• Potential late post-operative complications:

• residual shunts
• residual ventricular outflow obstruction
• residual valvular anomalies
• systemic arterial hypertension
• pulmonary vascular obstruction
• arrhythmias & conductions defects
• myocardial dysfunction
• prosthetic valve dysfunction
• prosthetic conduit dysfunction
• infective endocarditis
• microcephaly at birth [2]

Management

• congenital cyanotic heart disease

• most patients have compensatory erythrocytosis & stable hemoglobin levels
• in patients with hyperviscosity, exclude dehydration before considering phlebotomy

More General Terms

• heart disease (cardiac disease)
• developmental disorder

Additional Terms

• coarctation of the aorta

References

1. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1994, pg 1040, 1046
2. Barbu D et al Evidence of fetal central nervous system injury in isolated congenital heart defects: Microcephaly at birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009 Jul; 201:43.e1. PMID: [1]
3. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 15, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2009
4. Congenital Heart Disease [2]
5. National Guideline Clearinghouse Suspected congenital heart disease in the adult. American College of Radiology ngc-guideline: [3]
   - Atrial septal defect. In: ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). ngc-guideline: [4]
   - Atrioventricular septal defect. In: ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). ngc-guideline: [5]
   - Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries. In: ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). ngc-guideline: [6]
   - Coronary artery abnormalities. In: ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). ngc-guideline: [7]
   - Dextro-transposition of the great arteries. In: ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). ngc-guideline: [8]
   - Ebstein's anomaly. In: ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). ngc-guideline: [9]
   - Left-sided heart obstructive lesions: aortic valve disease, subvalvular and supravalvular aortic stenosis, associated disorders of the ascending aorta, and coarctation. In: ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). ngc-guideline: [10]
   - Patent ductus arteriosus. In: ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). ngc-guideline: [11]
   - Pulmonary hypertension/Eisenmenger physiology. In: ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). ngc-guideline: [12]
   - Recommendations for delivery of care and ensuring access In: ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). ngc-guideline: [13]
   - Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. In: ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). ngc-guideline: [14]
   - Tetralogy of Fallot. In: ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). ngc-guideline: [15]
   - Tricuspid atresia/single ventricle In: ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). ngc-guideline: [16]
   - Ventricular septal defect. In: ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). ngc-guideline: [17]

congenital heart defect