Cognitive Impairment
From Anvita Health Wiki
Contents |
More Specific Terms
- altered mental status (AMS)
- altered state of consciousness
- cognitive impairment in the elderly
- disorder of arousal (lack of awareness)
- executive function impairment in Alzheimer's disease
- lack of awareness
- language impairment in Alzheimer's disease
- learning impairment
- memory impairment
- postoperative cognitive impairment
- visuospatial impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Introduction
- Impairment of cognition.
- Also see altered mental status.
Classification
Etiology
- acute/subacute
- vascular: stroke
- infectious: viral encephalitis
- toxic: acute drug effect ( amitriptyline)
- metabolic: hepatic encephalopathy
- inflammatory: cerebral vasculitis
- nutritional: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ( thiamine deficiency)
- degenerative:
- delirium superimposed on dementia
- urinary tract infection
- epileptic: seizure, postictal state
- traumatic: acute head injury
- psychiatric: acute psychosis ( schizophrenia)
- neoplastic: primary brain tumor (obstructive hydrocephalus)
- chronic
- vascular: vascular disease
- infectious: fungal meningitis
- toxic: chronic drug effect ( lithium carbonate)
- metabolic: hypothyroidism
- inflammatory: autoimmune meningoencephalitis
- nutritional: vitamin B12 deficiency
- degenerative:
- epileptic: psychomotor status epilepticus
- traumatic: sequellae of brain trauma
- psychiatric: chronic psychosis ( bipolar disorder)
- neoplastic: meningeal carcinomatosis (communicating hydrocephalus) [1]
- chronic renal insufficiency [6]
Clinical-manifestations
- cognitive decline is already evident in middle age (age 45-49) [2]
Management
- no evidence support the use of dietary supplements or pharmaceuticals to prevent cognitive decline [3]
- exercise improves cognition in the elderly [4]
- Mediterranean diet in combination with exercise, reduces risk of cognitive impairment & dementia [5]
More General Terms
Additional Terms
- cognition (intelligence)
- cognitive assessment
- differential diagnosis of cognitive impairment
- prevention of cognitive impairment
References
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 15, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2009
- Singh-Manoux A et al. Timing of onset of cognitive decline: Results from Whitehall II prospective cohort study. BMJ 2012 Jan 5; 344:d7622. PMID: [1]
- Plassman BL, Williams JW Jr, Burke JR, et al. Systematic review: Factors associated with risk for and possible prevention of cognitive decline in later life. Ann Intern Med Aug 3, 2010; 153(3):182-193 PMID: [2]
- Jackson AS, Sui X, Hebert JR, et al. Role of lifestyle and aging on the longitudinal change in cardiorespiratory fitness. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169(19):1781-1787 PMID: [3]
- Scarmeas N et al Physical Activity, Diet, and Risk of Alzheimer Disease JAMA. 2009;302(6):627-637. <PubMed> PMID: [4] <Internet> [5]
- Feart C et al Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet, Cognitive Decline, and Risk of Dementia JAMA. 2009;302(6):638-648. <PubMed> PMID: [6] <Internet> [7]
- Knopman DS et al Mediterranean Diet and Late-Life Cognitive Impairment A Taste of Benefit JAMA. 2009;302(6):686-687 <PubMed> PMID: &dopt=Abstract <Internet> [8] - Yaffe K, Ackerson L, Kurella Tamura M, et al. Chronic kidney disease and cognitive function in older adults: findings from the chronic renal insufficiency cohort cognitive study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010 Feb; 58(2):338-345. Epub 2010 Jan 26. PMID: [9]
