Carboplatin

From Anvita Health Wiki

Contents 1 Introduction 2 Indications 3 Dosage 4 Pharmacokinetics 5 Adverse-effects 6 Drug-interactions 7 Test-interactions 8 Mechanism-of-action 9 Patient-information 10 More General Terms 11 Internet Database 12 References

Introduction

• Tradename: Paraplatin.

Indications

• ovarian carcinoma
• cervical carcinoma
• small cell lung carcinoma
• esophageal cancer
• testicular cancer
• bladder cancer
• mesothelioma
• pediatric brain tumors
• head & neck cancer

Dosage

• 300-450 mg/m2 every 4 weeks
• in renal failure (4-8 mg/ mL/min x ( GFR* + 25))

• * glomerular filtration rate in mg/ mL/min
• Lyophilized powder for injection: 50 mg, 150 mg, 450 mg.

Pharmacokinetics

• most of the drug is not metabolized
• 1/2 life 1-3 hours
  

• elimination via kidney
• 1/2life = 1-3 hours

Adverse-effects

• common (> 10%)

• asthenia
• pain at site of injection
• abnormal liver function tests
• myelosuppression

• neutropenia
• leukopenia
• thrombocytopenia ( platelet count reaches nadir 14-21 days)
• anemia

• electrolyte abnormalities

• hypocalcemia
• hypomagnesemia
• hyponatremia
• hypokalemia

• less common (1-10%)

• hemorrhage, peripheral neuropathy ( numbness, paresthesias, pain), urticaria, rash, alopecia, nausea/vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea, anorexia, ototoxicity

• uncommon (< 1%)

• blurred vision, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity in patients previously treated with cisplatin
  
• drug adverse effects of alkylating agents

Drug-interactions

• vancomycin & gentamicin should not be used within 3 days of carboplatin because of increased risk of nephrotoxicity & ototoxicity

Test-interactions

• increases serum K+

Mechanism-of-action

• alkylating agent

Patient-information

• delayed nausea/vomiting may occur after 2-5 days
• report loss of hearing, numbness or paresthesias

More General Terms

• alkylating agent
• antineoplastic agent (chemotherapeutic agent)

Internet Database

PubChem: 2567
PubChem: 38904
PubChem: 426756
PubChem: 498142

References

1. Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug Formulary, 1998
2. Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs, Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al eds, 1998
3. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed. Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg 529

carboplatin (CDBCA, Paraplatin)