Cancer Prevention

From Anvita Health Wiki

Contents 1 Introduction 2 More General Terms 3 Additional Terms 4 References

Introduction

• Eat plenty of fruits & vegetables, especially cruciferous vegetables, deeply pigmented fruits * vegetables containing carotenoids & fruits & vegetable rich in vitamin C. Aim for at least 5 servings of fruits & vegetable per day. Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with ~4% reduction in overall cancer risk [7]
• Eat plenty of high-fiber foods such as whole grains, fruits & vegetables. Aim for a daily fiber intake of 20-30 grams.
• Avoid obesity & aim for weight control through exercise & lower calorie intake. [4]
• Decrease fat intake to < 30% of total calories consumed.
• Minimize consumption red meat & of salt-cured, smoked & nitrite-cured foods sych as bacon, ham & hot dogs. [6]
• Limit or eliminate alcohol intake.
• Do NOT smoke.
• there is little evidence that nutritional interventions are effective in patients with cancer or preinvasive neoplasia [3]

• combined folic acid (2.5 mg), vitamin B6 (50 mg), & vitamin B12 (1 mg) may reduce risk of invasive cancer in women > 65 years of age [5]; no benefit in younger women

More General Terms

• oncology
• diet
• prophylaxis (prevention, ppx)

Additional Terms

• malignant neoplasm (cancer)

References

1. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed. Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg 467
2. Department of Health & Human Sevices, publication #95-3862, Bethesda, MD, National Cancer Institute, 1995
3. Davies AA, Davey Smith G, Harbord R, Bekkering GE, Sterne JA, Beynon R, Thomas S. Nutritional interventions and outcome in patients with cancer or preinvasive lesions: systematic review. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Jul 19;98(14):961-73. Review. PMID: [1]
4. Reeves GK et al, Cancer incidence and mortality in relation to body mass index in the Million Women Study: Cohort Study. BMJ 2007, 335:1134 PMID: [2]
5. Zhang SM et al. Effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 on cancer risk in women: A randomized trial. JAMA 2008 Nov 5; 300:2012. PMID: [3]
6. Sinha R et al Meat Intake and Mortality: A Prospective Study of Over Half a Million People Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(6):562-571 <PubMed> PMID: [4] <Internet> [5]
7. Bofetta P et al Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Overall Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute Advance Access published online on April 6, 2010 PMID: [6] doi:10.1093/jnci/djq072 [7]
   - Willet WC Fruits, Vegetables, and Cancer Prevention: Turmoil in the Produce Section Journal of the National Cancer Institute Advance Access published online on April 6, 2010 PMID: [8] doi:10.1093/jnci/djq098 [9]
8. National Guideline Clearinghouse American Cancer Society guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. ngc-guideline: [10]

prevention of cancer