Antioxidant

From Anvita Health Wiki

Contents 1 More Specific Terms 2 Introduction 3 Indications 4 Clinical-trials 5 More General Terms 6 Additional Terms 7 References

More Specific Terms

• ascorbate; ascorbic acid; vitamin C
• bilirubin
• carbocysteine (Availnex, Broncodeterge)
• curcumin
• Fructus Momordicae
• glutathione; gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine (GSH)
• phenolic antioxidant
• ubiquinone; coenzyme Q (CoQ)
• urate; uric acid
• vitamin A
• vitamin E

Introduction

• An agent that inhibits oxidation, especially peroxidative chain reactions, i.e. lipid peroxidation (see oxidative stress) Endogenous antioxidants include vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A, glutathione, uric acid, ubiquinone, & bilirubin.

• Glutathione & bilirubin may be the major endogenous cellular antioxidants, glutathione in the cytoplasm, bilirubin in cellular membranes. [4]
• Dietary supplementation with antioxidants is widely promoted, but proven benefits lag substantially behind the hype.

Indications

• See vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E for indications.

Clinical-trials

• SU.VLMAX study (may be some benefit for men)
• meta-analysis of 47 randomized clinical trials [5] 230,000 participants results: beta-carotene, vitamin A, & vitamin E, given either singly or in combination with other supplements increased mortality ( RR, 1.05, 1.16, & 1.04, respectively) vitamin C & selenium had no effect on mortality
• no benefit of benefit from vitamin C, vitamin E, or beta carotene for prevention of cardiovascular events in high-risk women ( mean age = 60) [6]
• vitamin E & vitamin C supplements may blunt exercise-induced increase in insulin-sensitivity [7]
• daily antioxidant cocktail diminished abdominal pain of chronic pancreatitis [8]

• selenium 600 ug
• ascorbic acid 540 mg
• beta carotene 9000 IU
• tocopherol 270 IU
• methionine 2 g daily

More General Terms

• bioagent

Additional Terms

• oxidative stress

References

1. Prescriber's Letter 10(6):33 2003
2. Zandi PP et al Reduced risk of Alzheimer disease in users of antioxidant vitamin supplements: the Cache County Study. Arch Neurol 6:18, 2004 <PubMed> PMID: [1] <Internet> [2]
3. Journal Watch 25(1):1, 2005
4. Sedlak TW, Snyder SH. Messenger molecules and cell death: therapeutic implications. JAMA. 2006 Jan 4;295(1):81-9. PMID: [3]
5. Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C. Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2007 Feb 28;297(8):842-57. Review. PMID: [4]
6. Cook NR et al. A randomized factorial trial of vitamins C and E and beta carotene in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in women: Results from the Women's Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study. Arch Intern Med 2007 Aug 13/27; 167:1610. PMID: [5]
7. Ristow M et al Antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009 May 26; 106:8665 <PubMed> PMID: [6] <Internet> [7]
8. Bhardwaj P et al A randomized controlled trial of antioxidant supplementation for pain relief in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2009 Jan; 136:149. PMID: [8]
9. Antioxidants: NIH Institute and Center Resources [9]

antioxidant