Alcoholic Beverage

From Anvita Health Wiki

Contents 1 More Specific Terms 2 Introduction 3 Complications 4 Management 5 More General Terms 6 Additional Terms 7 References

More Specific Terms

• beer
• wine

Introduction

• Ethanol content of various beverages:
• beer 4%
• wine 12-13%
• distilled spirits 40% (80 proof)

* One drink = 13.6 grams (1/2 oz of ethanol) 
*          = 12 oz of beer 
*          = 5 oz of wine (5 drinks/750 mL bottle) 
*          = 1.5 oz of 80 proof spirits (11 drinks/pint)

• Benefits of moderate alcohol consumption:
  
• Defined as <= 2 drinks/day for men, <= 1 drink/day for women, <= 1 drink/day for eldery (men & women) > 65 years of age [6]
  

• diminished risk of congestive heart failure [2]
• no benefit in taking up drinking in middle age, regardless of coronary artery disease status [3]
• diminished risk of cardiovascular disease [18]

• 1-2 drinks per day
• beer, wine, spirits with similar benefit [18]

• diminished risk of coronary artery disease

• RR = 0.53 with > 14 drinks/week (elderly) [12]
• RR = 0.85 with 1-13 drinks/week (elderly) [12]

• diminished risk of ischemic stroke

• heavy alcohol use associated with increased risk [11]

• RR = 1.4 with > 30 g or 2 drinks/day [3]
• only red wine associated with diminished risk

• RR = 0.5 for > 10 g/day of red wine
• RR closer to 1 when adjusted for hypertension

• diminished risk of dementia

• rr* = 0.58, rr = 0.29 for vascular dementia [4]
• 1 drink/day may diminish risk of dementia in women [5]

• infrequent alcohol (< 1 drink monthly) associated with 1/2 risk of mild cognitive impairment as non-drinkers or more frequent drinkers [10]

• risk of dementia increased with increasing alcohol consumption only in individuals carrying the apoE4 allele

• may benefit essential tremor
• overall mortality may be favorably affected [18]
• diminished all-cause mortality & cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive men [9]
• cardioprotection from moderate drinking is limited to people with unhealthy behaviors [13]
• less weight gain in middle-age women
• regular alcohol consumption associated with less cardiovascular risk than binge drinking for the same amount of alcohol consumed [17]
  

• * rr = relative risk

Complications

• alcoholism

• using alcohol as a sleep aid may signal hazardous behavior [16]

• increased risk of gout [7]

• spirits & beer confer greater risk than wine

• increased risk of colorectal cancer with consumption of > 45 g of alcohol/day (~ 3 drinks), relative risk 1.5 [8]

Management

• brief intervention or counseling by primary care providers can lead to a reduction of alcohol consumption by patients consuming > 2 drinks/day for men (> 14 drinks/week or 4 drinks/occasion), > 1 drink/day for women (> 7 drinks/ week or 3 drinks/occasion), i.e. at risk drinking [6,14]

More General Terms

• beverage

Additional Terms

• alcohol consumption in the elderly
• alcohol during pregnancy
• alcoholism
• ethanol; ethyl alcohol
• medication interactions with alcohol
• veisalgia

References

1. Alison Moore, UCLA Multicampus Program in Geriatrics & Gerontology, 2002
2. Journal Watch 22(5):36, 2002 Walsh CR et al Alcohol consumption and risk for congestive heart failure in the Framingham Heart Study. Ann Intern Med 136:181, 2002 PMID: [1]
   - Nicolas JM et al The effect of controlled drinking in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Ann Intern Med 136:192, 2002 PMID: [2]
3. Journal Watch 22(5):37, 2002 Wannamethhee SG & Shaper AG Taking up regular drinking in middle age: effect on major coronary heart disease events and mortality. Heart 87:32, 2002 PMID: [3]
4. Journal Watch 22(5):37, 2002 Ruitenberg A, van Swieten JC, Witteman JC, Mehta KM, van Duijn CM, Hofman A, Breteler MM. Alcohol consumption and risk of dementia: the Rotterdam Study. Lancet. 2002 Jan 26;359(9303):281-6. PMID: [4]
5. Journal Watch 25(5):40, 2005 Stampfer MJ, Kang JH, Chen J, Cherry R, Grodstein F. Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on cognitive function in women. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 20;352(3):245-53. PMID: [5]
6. Geriatrics Review Syllabus, American Geriatrics Society, 5th edition, 2002-2004; 7th edition 2010
7. Journal Watch 24(11):90, 2004 Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson EW, Willett W, Curhan G. Alcohol intake and risk of incident gout in men: a prospective study. Lancet. 2004 Apr 17;363(9417):1277-81. PMID: [6] Zeng QY. Drinking alcohol and gout. Lancet. 2004 Apr 17;363(9417):1251-2. No abstract available. PMID: [7]
8. Journal Watch 24(11):87, 2004 Cho E, Smith-Warner SA, Ritz J, van den Brandt PA, Colditz GA, Folsom AR, Freudenheim JL, Giovannucci E, Goldbohm RA, Graham S, Holmberg L, Kim DH, Malila N, Miller AB, Pietinen P, Rohan TE, Sellers TA, Speizer FE, Willett WC, Wolk A, Hunter DJ. Alcohol intake and colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of 8 cohort studies. Ann Intern Med. 2004 Apr 20;140(8):603-13. PMID: [8]
9. Journal Watch 24(11):88, 2004 Malinski MK, Sesso HD, Lopez-Jimenez F, Buring JE, Gaziano JM. Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease mortality in hypertensive men. Arch Intern Med. 2004 Mar 22;164(6):623-8. PMID: [9]
10. Journal Watch 24(20):150, 2004 Anttila T, Helkala EL, Viitanen M, Kareholt I, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B, Soininen H, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A, Kivipelto M. Alcohol drinking in middle age and subsequent risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in old age: a prospective population based study. BMJ. 2004 Sep 4;329(7465):539. Epub 2004 Aug 10. <PubMed> PMID: [10] <Internet> [11]
11. Journal Watch 25(3):24, 2005 Mukamal KJ, Ascherio A, Mittleman MA, Conigrave KM, Camargo CA Jr, Kawachi I, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Rimm EB. Alcohol and risk for ischemic stroke in men: the role of drinking patterns and usual beverage. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Jan 4;142(1):11-9. Summary for patients in: Ann Intern Med. 2005 Jan 4;142(1):I24. PMID: [12]
12. Mukamal KJ, Chung H, Jenny NS, Kuller LH, Longstreth WT Jr, Mittleman MA, Burke GL, Cushman M, Psaty BM, Siscovick DS. Alcohol consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in older adults: the cardiovascular health study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006 Jan;54(1):30-7. PMID: [13]
13. Britton A, Marmot MG, Shipley M. Who benefits most from the cardioprotective properties of alcohol consumption-health freaks or couch potatoes? J Epidemiol Community Health. 2008 Oct;62(10):905-8. PMID: &dopt=Abstract
14. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 14, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2006
15. Wang L et al Alcohol Consumption, Weight Gain, and Risk of Becoming Overweight in Middle-aged and Older Women Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(5):453-461 <PubMed> PMID: [14] <Internet> [15]
16. Vinson DC et al Alcohol and Sleep Problems in Primary Care Patients: A Report from the AAFP National Research Network Annals of Family Medicine 8:484-492 (2010) <PubMed> PMID: [16] <Internet> [17]
17. Ruidavets JB et al Patterns of alcohol consumption and ischaemic heart disease in culturally divergent countries: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) BMJ 2010; 341:c6077 <PubMed> PMID: [18] <Internet> [19]
18. Ronksley PE et al. Association of alcohol consumption with selected cardiovascular disease outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2011 Feb 22; 342:d671. PMID: [20]
    - Brien SE et al. Effect of alcohol consumption on biological markers associated with risk of coronary heart disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies. BMJ 2011 Feb 22; 342:d636 PMID: [21]
19. National Guideline Clearinghouse
    - Interventions in schools to prevent and reduce alcohol use among children and young people. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) ngc-guideline: [22]

alcoholic beverage