Acid Base Balance

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Introduction

• Both the lungs (through expiration of CO2) & the kidneys regulate acid base balance

• Normal daily endogenous acid production (excluding CO2) is approximately: 50-70 mmol/24 hours or 1 mmol/kg/day.
• In patients with acute renal failure, plasma [HC03-] decreases by approximately 1-2 meq/L/day.
• Normal acid-base values:

*     pCO2 = 38-42 mm Hg 
*  [HCO3-] = 24-28 mmol/L 
*     [H+] = 40 mmol/L

Additional Terms

• acid-base disorder
• Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

References

1. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 14, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2006
2. Clinical Diagnosis & Management by Laboratory Methods, 19th edition, J.B. Henry (ed), W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA. 1996, pg 150, 152

acid-base balance