Acetohydroxamic Acid

From Anvita Health Wiki

Contents 1 Introduction 2 Indications 3 Dosage 4 Dosage-adjustment-in-renal-failure 5 Pharmacokinetics 6 Adverse-effects 7 Drug-interactions 8 Mechanism-of-action 9 More General Terms 10 Additional Terms 11 Internet Database 12 References

Introduction

• Tradename: Lithostat.

Indications

• adjunctive therapy in chronic urea-splitting urinary tract infection ( UTI), such as that caused by Proteus spp.

Dosage

• 250 mg PO TID- QID, max dose 1.5 g

Dosage-adjustment-in-renal-failure

*  serum creatinine     max daily dose 
*      < 1.4 mg/dL          1.5 g 
*    1.4-1.8 mg/dL          1.0 g 
*      > 2.0 mg/dL          0.5 g

Pharmacokinetics

• well absorbed orally
• 35-70% eliminated unchanged in the urine
  

• elimination via kidney
• 1/2life = 5-10 hours

Adverse-effects

• headache
• depression
• anxiety
• nausea
• anorexia
• lethargy
• reticulocytosis
• phlebitis in the legs
• deep venous thrombosis ( DVT)
• rash
• hemolysis

Drug-interactions

• heavy metals: chelates all heavy metals including iron, leading to diminished absorption
• alcohol: combination increases incidence of rash

Mechanism-of-action

• reversibly inhibits bacterial urease
• reduction of ammonia production in the urine
• reduction of pH which enhances activity of antimicrobial agents

More General Terms

• hydroxamic acid
• metabolic agent (metabolic modifier)
• enzyme inhibitor

Additional Terms

• Proteus
• urease

Internet Database

PubChem: 1990

References

Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs,  Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al  eds, 1998 - not on National VA formulary

acetohydroxamic acid (Lithostat)